Sewing machine



Y- 1945' L. R. NEWTON ETAL 2,339,112

' SEWING MACHINE Filed March 25, 1942 4 Sheets-Sheet 1 wil lo n ell .4 Newton and [722 nrz'c/z 17. 112766 e INVENTOR ATTORNEY Nov. 13, 1945. NEWTON ETAL 2,389,112

SEWING MACHINE Filed March 25, 1942 4 Sheets-Sheet 3 V AI A [om/ell ,QNewforz and fiez'nrz'dz E. 176052 A THE 5 T INVENTOR ATTORNEY Patented Nov. 13, 1945 SEWING MACHINE Lowell R. Newton, Heinrich E. Haase, and Charles T. Walter, Chicago, Ill., assignors to Industrial Patents Corporation, Chicago, 111., a corporation of Delaware Application March 25, 1942, Serial No. 436,116

Claims.

This invention relates to a sewing machine and more particularly discloses a sewing machine for sewing animal intestines together for the purpose of forming casings for sausage products and the like.

It is a particular object of this invention to provide an improved sewing apparatus for stitching pieces of the intestines together to form an envelope for receiving a sausage mixture from a stuffing machine.

It is another object of this invention to provide a sewing machine capable of handling untreated and wet intestines.

It is another object of this invention to provide a sewing apparatus that will positively stitch the pieces of the material together regardless of the direction of pull of the material as it passes over the throat of the work supporting table.

It is another object of this invention to provide stitch forming means which will positively spread the threads for receiving the needle regardless of the direction of pull of the material passing across the working table.

Other objects of the invention will appear more fully below.

In the drawings:

Figure l is a rear elevation of the sewing machine of the present invention.

Figure 2 is an end view of the stitch forming mechanism including the needle, the looper, and the hook mechanism, with the end bearing omitted to provide a clearer showing of the elements which would be disposed behind it.

Figure 3 is a plan view of the needle, looper, and hook mechanism taken on line 3-3 of Figure 1 and with the work support removed.

Figure 4 is a diagrammatic view of the drive mechanism for the needle bar and one direction of motion of the looper mechanism.

Figure 5 is a plan view of a portion of the table around the throat of the work supporting means.

Figure 6 is a side elevation of a portion of the table around the throat of the work supporting means.

Figure 7is an end view of a portion of the table around the throat of the work supporting means.

Figure 8 is a plan View of the looper, the needle and the hook showing the looper about to enter the thread loop formed'adjacent the needle just as it starts to retract.

Figure 9 is an end elevation of the stitch forming elements shown in Figure 8.

Figure 10 is a plan View of the needle looper and hook with the looper moved completely into the thread loop and starting to retract after the needle has been lifted out of the work, with the hook engaging the threads to aid spreading the same.

Figure 11 is an end elevation of the elements as shown in Figure 10.

Figure 12 is a plan view of the stitch formin elements showing the looper and hook holding the threads spread as the needle moves downwardly through the material and into the spread threads to begin formation of the next stitch.

Figure 13 is an end elevation of the stitch forming elements as shown in Figure 12.

Figure 14 is a plan view of the stitch forming elements after the needle has passed through the spread threads and immediately after the hook has released thethreads with the looper about to release the stitch just formed to move forwardly into the next stitch being formed.

Figure 15 is an end elevation of the stitch forming elements as shown in Figure 14. Figure 16 is a plan view of the stitch forming elements with the looper and hook returned to positionto start a new cycle as soon as the needle completes its stroke and starts to retract.

Figure 17 is an end elevation of the stitch forming elements as shown in Figure 16.

Figure 18 is a perspective view of several pieces of intestines stitched together in the preferred manner to make sausage casings.

Figure 19 is a diagrammatic representation of a modified form of the sewing mechanism including the mechanism for effecting relative movement between the material and the sewing machine for stitching the pattern shown in Figure 18.

The sewing machine here described is particularly adapted to be used for sewing wet animal intestines to form sausage casings and may be operated in association with the conveyor mechanism shown in the co-pending application, Serial No. 379,288 of Charles T. Walter and Lowell R. Newton filed February 17, 1941. That invention comprises means for conveying animal intestines into a mechanism for slitting the intestines longitudinally and then subjecting the various pieces to means to stitch them together in a particular manner to provide larger casings than would result from using the natural intestines. The separate pieces of the intestines are stitched together as shown in Figure 18, and to accomplish a stitching in this pattern, it is necessary to convey the intestines forwardly to guides the threads duringthe formation of the stitches to position them, regardless of the direction of pull, to preclude the dropping of stitches.

As described in the above mentioned co-pending specification, two sewing machines like those of the present invention may be disposed to cooperate with the continuously moving conveyor means so that two longitudinal rows of stitches are simultaneously sewn to effect the desired uniting of the pieces of intestines.

The sewing apparatus, here shown and to be used in conjunction with the continuously moving conveyor mechanism described in said other specification, is provided with means to positively engage the threads during the formation of a stitch to hold the threads in a properly spread relationship to insure that the needle will pass through the spread threads in order that none of the stitches will be dropped.

To accomplish this desired result, a hook mechanism is associated with a more or less condle may be reciprocated to form the next stitch.

The hook and looper engage the, threads in a manner such that regardless of the pull exerted on the threads by the relative movement of the intestines over the working table as the conveyors drag them through the machine, the loops of the partially formed stitches cannot be pulled out of position. The hook is shaped and disposed to cooperate with the looper and threads whereby no matter how the intestines move relative to the work table, the threads cannot be disengaged from their spread formation between the looper and the hook until they are positively released by the movement of these two elements.

The sewing machine to which the hook is applied includes a needle, drive means, and looper mechanism that may best be seen in Figures 2, 3 and 4. The machine is driven from any suitable source of power by the pulley l0 affixed to the main drive shaft H which passes lengthwise of the machine and below the work table I2.

The needle bar is driven from a rocking lever that receives motion from an eccentric l3 keyed to the drive shaft II, which through the link l4 drives the rocking lever I5 pivotally mounted on bearing l6 fixed to the frame of the machine. The lever I5 is connected at its free end throug a suitable drag connection to the needle bar I! so that the needle I8 may be reciprocated vertically from a position above the work table to a position below the work table as is clearly shown in Figures 8 through 17. The needle is provided with the usual eye and a thread A is fed to the needle from any well known means.

The looper is also driven in one direction of its movement from rock lever l5 and integral with the lever I5 is a downwardly extending arm 20 having a pivotal connection with a link 2| which in turn is pivotally connected at its opposite end to an arm 22 extending generally at right angles to link 2i. The arm 22 is integral with the sleeve 23 mounted on the bearing 24 and the motion of link 2| through arm 22 causes the'sleeve to rock about the bearing. The looper 25 is integrally secured to the sleeve 23 and is oscillated with the sleeve to have a movement lengthwise of the machine.

In order to give the looper a movement in a I direction forwardly and backwardly with respect to the feed motion of the material and at substantially right angles to the motion imparted to the looper from the rock lever, the bearing 24 may be made integral with a shaft 26 which itself is rotatably mounted in bearings 21 disposed along an axis approximately parallel with the axis of drive shaft II. The shaft 26 has a cam follower 28 secured thereto which is driven from a cam 29 keyed to the drive shaft H to rock the shaft 26 in bearings 21 to cause the looper to have a forward and backward motion with respect to the work support l2. The motion imparted to the looper by cam 29 is timed with the motion imparted to the looper by the link 2| so that the looper has a substantially rectangular path of movement. The rectilinear movement of the looper is indicated by the arrows in Figures 8 through 17 and. it is coordinated with the motion of the needle to cause the looper to meet the needle as the needle is reciprocated through the "material to drive a looper carried thread B through the loop A of thread A pushed through the material by the needle.

After the looper is driven into the thread loop A produced by the needle, the needle is retracted while the looper drives further on into the loop and is then driven backwardly from a position under the needle. In normal operation, the material being stitched is fed forwardly and the threads forming the stitch are thus spread between the work and looper so that the needle will pass downwardly between the threads in a proper manner to form the next stitch. The thread is held spread by the material drawing the threads A and B while the loop A remains engaged around the looper. This mechanism operates very perfectly if the material is always fed in a forward direction across the work table, but it has been found, however, as stated above, that if the material is pulled sidewise, the thread loop A and thread B are quite often pulled from the looper or at least may be drawn into such a position that the needle will not pass between the threads of loop A and thread B flowing irom the looper to properly form the next stitch. In thus skipping a stitch an imperfect seam is formed and a non-uniform and weakened product results.

To avoid pulling the thread loop A from the looper or pulling loop A and thread 13 out of position, the present invention provides a hook to engage the threads during the formation of the stitch to positively engage and draw them in a direction such that the needle will pass between the thread forming loop A and thread B in a proper manner. Regardless of the direction of the path of \pull of the material the hook means here disclosed is adapted to engage the threads A and B to guide them during the formation of the stitches.

As will be seen from an inspection of Figure 8 the looper 25 is generally U shaped and is fixedly connected at the end of one armofthe' U to the sleeve 23 and is drilled longitudinally along the other arm to receive the thread 13 which is conveyed through the looper to the free end of this arm. The free end of the looper is rather sharply pointed to insure its passing into the loop formed adjacent the needle and the thread B is fed through the longitudinal passage in the looper to issue from the end of the arm as indicated at B to pass through loop A in completing the stitch.

The hook element 30 is also U shaped and is driven to engage the threads A and B as best shown in Figures 8 through 17. The hook is dis- .posed to work oppositely to the direction of movement of the looper and the open end of the U shaped hook faces the open end of the U shaped looper. When the hook is driven to catch the threads they are positively engaged and it would be impossible to pull the loop A and thread B out of position with respect to the stitch being formed no matter in which direction these threads are pulled by the movement of the material over the work support 12. The hook draws the threads A and B away from the looper to spread them into a triangular shape as clearly shown in the drawings with thread A forming one side and thread B forming another side so that the needle may easily pass through the spread threads. The hook operates under a slot 3| in the work table 42 and cooperates with the slot as is shown in Figures 10 and 12 to positively hold the threads in their triangular spread position regardless of the direction of pull from the material.

The hook may preferably be driven by a cam mechanism and has a rectilinear path of movement, the cam drive mechanism being best shown in Figures 1, 2 and 3. The hook 36 is fixedly secured to an arm 40 which is pivotally connected at its opposite end to oscillate about a vertical pin supported in a bearing block which in turn is pinned to the shaft 4! that may be oscillated. Adjacent the free end of the arm 40 a cam follower 42 is provided and the follower engages a cam track 43 cut into the periphery of the cam 44. Cam track 43 is designed to give the hook a movement lengthwise of the machine, 1. e. longitudinally of the shaft H, as cam 44 rotates.

The shaft 4| is carried in suitable bearings 45 carried at the upper end of an H shaped yoke 46. The lower end of the yoke is pinned to a shaft 41 which is carried to oscillate in bearings 48. The shaft 4! extends entirely through one of the bearings 48 and has a cam follower arm 49 pinned thereto, the arm engaging and being driven by a cam 50 adjustably mounted in the T slot 5| formed in a boss integrally mounted on the end of the drive shaft I I. The compound motion imparted to the hook by cam track 43 and cam 50 cause the hook to have a generally rectangular path of movement. Thus as the arm 49 follows the cam '50, the shaft 41 is oscillated and the oscillation of this shaft swings yoke 46 pinned thereto about the axis of bearings 48 to carry the bearings 45 and shaft 4| inwardly and outwardly. The arm 4-6 is thus caused to take a motion forwardly and backwardly with respect to the general direction of feed of the material, i. e., trans versely of the axis of drive shaft ll, so that in conjunction with the motion imparted to it from the cam track 43 which moves the hook 36 longitudinally of the shaft, the combined motions result in a substantially rectilinear movement of the hook.

- The looper, the hook and needle elements are driven in properly timed relationship to effect the sequence of operations shown in Figures .8 through 17. Gem 29, 44 and 50 keyed to shaft l I drive the looper and hook .and the eccentric l3 also keyed to shaft ll drives the rocker arm l5 which in turn drives the looper and needle. The needle, looper and hook all being driven from the same shaft may readily be timed to cooperate to obtain the desired sequence of operations.

above stated, the intestines may be fed continuously past the stitch forming elements. A means for feeding the intestines or other .materials past the switch forming means is disclosed in the co-pending application above named. If desired. however, the material could be continuonsly'fed by hand past the sewing .mechanism.

A mechanism for feeding material both longitudinally :and'sidewise relative to the work support is diagrammatically shown in Figure 19. The elements here pictured represent the essentials of the mechanism disclosed in the co-pending application wherein means are shown for continuously moving the material past the stitch forming means while also moving the sewing machine bodily sideways to effect the desired crossstitching. 'In this machine, the continuously moving conveyor .52 engages the material to carry lower 65 it over work table l2 .andunder the needle l8 in order that the material may be stitched together. The conveyor normally carries the intestines continuously forward across the Work table, but at spaced intervals, the entire sewing machine .is carried across the path of the conveyor movement to provide the cross-stitching 53 shown in Figure 18. Preferably the machine while moving transversely to the path of the conveyor movement is also :moved forwardly with the material on the conveyor so that the cross-stitching may be disposed at approximately right angles to the longitudinal axis to the pieces of the intestines being worked upon.

In order to move the sewing machine 'in both of the directions suggested above, the machine may be mounted on a platform 54 which is supported on rollers 55 that have a bearing on a plate 56. The rollers 55 are so mounted that the I sewing; machine may move across the path of the conveyor movement when so urged. The plate .56 is in turn supported on rollers 51 disposed .at right angles with respect to rollers 55 so that the plate 56 together with the rollers 55 and the sewing machine carried on its upper surface may be moved forward and backward to carry the machine along with the intestines when cross-stitching as explained above.

Suitable cam means are provided to move the machine on rollers 55 and 5'! in properly timed sequence and a drive shaft 58 supported in suitable bearings is provided for this purpose having cams 59 and 50 keyed thereto. Cam 59 having cam track 61 therein is operative through the pivoted lever 62 to drag the sewing machine transversely the path of movement of the conveyor. The lever 62 .is connected to the platform 54 through the laterally extending rigid arm 63. Cam engages a lever 64 through the cam folwhich follows the periphery of cam 60. The lever 64 engages the arm 63 to carry the plat- .form54 longitudinally along the path of the conveyormovement and the platform 54 drags plate .56 with it so that the assembly moves as a unit on rollers .57. Thearm 63 is mounted in the lever 64 so that it may reciprocate therethrough as the platform 54 rolls on the rollers 55, the

lever 64 serving only to'drag the platform 54 backward and forward with respect to the movement of the conveyor.

The conveyor 52 may be. driven from the continuously rotating shaft 58 through a sprocket 65, sprocket chain 66 and the sprocket wheel 61 afiixed to the conveyor drive shaft 68. Thus the conveyor may be continuously driven to carry the intestines past the stitch forming means.

The machine drive may also be taken from shaft 58 as by sprocket or pulley 18, belting means H and pulley 12 keyed to the drive shaft H. The belting means 1| must have sufllcient slack provided therein to accommodate the slight movement of the sewing machine with respect to shaft 58. I

Because the conveyor moves continuously, an undue bending of the needle might be encountered if the intestines were permitted to drag against it and therefore means are provided to hold the material stationary at the slot 3| while the needle passes into the material. It has been found, that while the body of the material may have a generally continuous movement along with the conveyor, the portion of the material being stitched may be stopped momentarily while the needle is forced therethrough. The natural resilience of the intestines permits said portions to be stopped while the rest of the material moves on without incurring any harmful results.

The means here shown to stop the portions being stitched includes a pressing foot 80 that is reciprocated against the working table l2 in timed relation to the movement of the needle to engage the material against the table to hold it'against further movement. The presser foot 80 is mounted on the lower end of a shaft 8| vertically slidable in bearings 82 fixed to the frame of. the machine and cam means having the two surfaces 83-84 that cooperate with'suitable cam followers 83 and 84' fixed to the top of the shaft 8|, reciprocate the presser.

The two cams 83 and 84 are provided to positively drive the presser foot in each direction in phase with the needle movement. The cam motion would, if possible, be derived from a single complementary cam which would permit a simplified drive mechanism involving a minimum number of parts. The disclosed mechanism having the two surfaces 83 and 84 makes use of this complementary cam principle and the surfaces have been designed to operate the presser foot in the desired phase relation with respect to needle movement. To accomplish this same effect as a single complementary cam, the surfaces of the earns 83 and 84 have been developed for cooperating with the followers 83 and 84' fixed to the upper end of the shaft 8|.'

The cam 83 is designed to drive the shaft 8| downwardly to press the presser foot 88 against the working table to engage the intestines, and the cam follower 83 receives motion from the cam 83 to thus force the shaft 8| downwardly as the drive shaft 85 rotates.

ments. While there is a certain amount of. rub-, bmg action as distinguished from a rolling con- The cam 84 is de-. signed to lift the presser foot and this cam cooptact, this mechanism has two cam surfaces which cooperate with opposed'follower surfaces 83' and 84' and obtains the desirable features of a complementary cam structure and provides a light and simple presser drive means.

The earns 83 and 84 keyed to shaft 85 receive motion from the sprocket chain 86 and sprocket wheel 8! and a counterweight may be fixedly secured to the very end of shaft 85 to balance the shaft. The sprocket 81 is driven from sprocket wheel 88 keyed to the machine drive shaft The under surface of the presser foot may have a serrated surface 89 to engage the material and is provided with an upturned toe 98 to guide the the throat of the sewing machine. The work table I2 has an upwardly sloping surface 9l' which cooperates with the toe 90 to additionally direct the material into the stitch forming means.

Immediately under the serrated surface 89, the work table l2 may be provided with a rubber pad 92 (see Figure 5) against which the presser may force the material. As shown particularly in Figures 5, 6 and '7 the working table l2'may have a plate 93 secured thereto to confine the pad 92 and to also carry a suitable tensioning surface 94 adjacent the slot 3|. The plate 93 has a substantial thickness and adjacent the slot 3| it is provided with a semi-circular depression having rounded edges forming surface 94. If the threads are drawn upwardly and over the curved edges of the semi-circular depression during the formation of the stitch, as the material is fed by the continuously moving conveyors, the threads are properly tensioned to draw the stitches tight to bind the pieces of material together.

The operation of the machine will be fully understood from the mechanism described above but briefly the mechanism functions as follows: means are provided to continuously feed the. material into the throat of the sewing machine through the funnel like arrangement formed between the surface 9| and the toe '90. As the needle comes downwardly to enter the material, the presser foot 88 precedes it and the serrated surface 89 presses the material against the friction block 92 to hold a portion of the material stationary while the needle drives through. As the needle starts to retract, the thread is looped slightly and the U shaped looper drives into this loop to begin the formation of the well known type of chain stitch.

The needle may then be retracted while the hook comes into play to catch the threads A and B and as the needle passes above the plane of movement of the hook, the U-shaped hook moves under the needle to'engage the threads in the manner shown in Figure 10. As soon as the needle is withdrawn completely from the material, the presser 80 releases the portion of the material engaged against the friction surface 92 in order that the material as a whole can'be fed'past the stitch forming means. v

The hook after engaging the threads continues to move as indicated by the arrow in Figure 1 0 while the looper moves in the opposite direction and the threads are spread to form a triangle with the loop A hooked around the looper formingone side, and the thread B carried in the looper forming another side, and B the continuation of thread B forming the third side. The hook and looper hold the threads properly stretched and when the looper and hook have reached the end of their motion as shown in Figure they move in opposite directions laterally with respect to the drive shaft H until they reach the position shown in Figure 12. Itshould be observed that the hook is particularly shaped to cooperate with the looper in the manner shown. The open side of each of the U-shaped elements face each other and the free arm of the hook is just long enough to continue to engage the threads when the elements move to the position shown in Figure 12.

The hook and looper remain in the position shown in Figure 12 only long. enough to permit the presser and needle to be reciprocated downwardly while the needle passes through the triangular spread threads and after the needle reaches the position shown in Figure 13 the hook and the looper are driven to the positions shown in Figures Hand 16 to release the threads and the loop A positioned around the free arm of the looper is pulled off the arm to be subsequently drawn tight by the movement of the material to complete thestitch after the needle is withdrawn therefrom and the presser releases the portion engaged against pad 92. The elements are then in proper position to repeat the stitch forming cycle.

As the material is drawn forwardly through the machine by the feed mechanism, the threads forming the stitch are pulled taut over the rounded surface of the semi-circular depression to draw the loop which is released from the looper tight and the lock stitch is thus completed to bind the separate pieces of material together. It will be noted that due to the semi-circular shape of the surface 94, that regardless of the direction of the relative movement that takes place between the material and the work table, a smooth tensioning surface is presented to the threads.

While the above describes one application of the invention as applied to the lock stitch type of sewing, it has many possibilities of use in connection with other types of stitch formation wherein threads are handled on one side of a material and the needle must reciprocate from the other side of the material through a spread formation of threads. The present invention has particular utility where for any reason the spread formation of the threads below the material might be disturbed and provides means to positively engage and spread the thread used in the formation of a stitch to avoid missing or dropping a stitch. Modifications of this invention will, of course, occur to those skilled in the art, all of which are contemplated to be within the scope of the following claims.

We claim:

1. A sewing machine having a reciprocating needle for carrying a thread through the material, a material supporting table having an aperture therein, said table having a frictional bearing on the upper surface thereof, means positioned on one side of said table to reciprocate the needle, a presser foot reciprocable toward the table into engagement with the frictional bearing, means to drive the presser foot in timed relation to the movement of the needle, a looper movable in the zone of said aperture and disposed on the side opposite to the said one side of the work support to carry a looper thread into the needle thread loop formed when the needle passes through the material, means to drive the looper into close proximity to the needle between the needle thread and the needle to maintain the needle thread loop upon retraction of the needle, a hook movable on said opposite side to engage the threads during stitch formation, .means to drive the hook to draw the engaged threads away from the looper to spread the threads to positively form an opening through which the needle may pass on the next cycle of operations, means to feed the material continuously over the work table, said presser foot being driven against the frictional bearing to hold a portion of the material stationary while the needle passes through the work to cooperate with said looper and hook during the formation of the stitch.

2 The combination of a sewing machine and continuously moving work feeding means, said sewing machine having a work support fixed thereto, said support having an aperture therein over which the work passes, a needle reciprocable between a position above said support and a position below the support through the aperture, means to drive said needle between said positions, a friction block on the upper surface of the support, a presser reciprocable in timed relation with the needle engaging against said block to hold the work immovable while the needle passes therethrough, means to drive said presser, means to drive said work feeding means continuously in one direction, means to support said sewing machine for movement in said one direction and also transversely thereof, and means to drive said sewing machine in each of said directions, said last named means being co-ordinated with the material feeding means to sew a predetermined pattern upon the work carried thereby whereby the material darried across the work support may be stitched longitudinally and transversely while said feeding means is continuously moving.

3. A sewing machine comprising a work support having an aperture therein over which the work passes, means to feed the work continuously through the machine, a thread carrying needle reciprocable between a position above said support and a position below the support through the aperture, means to drive said needle between said positions, thread engaging means including an element carrying a second thread adapted to cooperate with the needle to form a stitch, said thread engaging means including means to draw all of the threads forming the stitch to one side said thread engaging means being disposed below said work support, means to drive said included thread drawing means to control the position of all of the threads during stitch formation whereby regardless of the direction of pull produced by the moving material on the threads forming the stitch they will always be in a position to cooperate with the needle, a friction block on the upper surface of the support, a presser reciprocable in timed relation with respect to the needle and against said block to hold a portion of the work into which the needle passes immovable while the needle passes therethrough and means to drive said presser into engagement with said block in timed relation to the reciprocation of the needle.

4. A sewing machine comprising a work support having an aperture therein over which the work passes, a thread carrying needle reciprocable between a position above said support and a position below the support through the aperture, means below said support cooperating with said needle and thread to form a stitch, and a tensioning surface disposed above and surrounding at least a portion of the aperture, said surface comprising a rounded edge over which the thread forming the stitch may pass whereby the stitch is drawn to the desired degree of tautness andsnug against the work as the work moves away from the edge.

5. A sewing machine having a reciprocating needle for carrying a thread through the material, a means to drive the needle positioned on one side of the work, a material supporting means, a U shaped thread carrying looper disposed on the opposite side of the work, means to drive the looper to pass closely by the needle as the needle is projected through the work to pass the looper between the needle thread and the needle to form a loop upon retraction of the needle, U shaped hook means to engage the thread forming the loop and the looper thread after the needle is retracted from the material, a movable support for the hook, said hook being mounted upon said movable support so as to have a universal move ment with respect to the support, means to drive said support in-timed relation to the looper'movement to drive the hook in one direction, and other means to drive the hook in another direction in timed relation with respect to the looper whereby the hook is driven into engagement with both of the threads so that the threads are engaged behind one arm of the U shaped hook to draw the needle thread loop and the looper thread sideways from the looper so that the threads will be spread between the looper and the hook to enable the needle to enter the loop formed by spreading the thread on its next stroke.

LOWELL R. NEWTON. HEINRICH E. HAASE. cameras '1'. WALTER. 

